Shutting down the Oracle Database

To shutdown an instance you must connect as SYSOPER or SYSDBA and by using the following command you can shutdown the database :

SHUTDOWN [NORMAL | TRANSACTIONAL | IMMEDIATE | ABORT ]

Shutdown options

a) SHUTDOWN NORMAL

NORMAL shutdown of the database proceeds with followings:

i) New connections are not allowed.
ii) server waits for all users who are currently connected to disconnect before shutdown.
iii)Background processes are terminated
iv) Oracle Server closes and dismounts the database before shutting down the instance.

b) SHUTDOWN TRANSACTIONAL

i) No new connections can be made
ii)waits till the user transactions are completed
iii) when all transactions have finished a shutdown occurs immediately

c) SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE

i) SQL statements currently processing are not completed
ii)does not wait for users who are connected to database to logout
iii) oracle rolls back active transactions and disconnects all users.
iv) closes and dismounts the database before shutting down the instance.

d) SHUTDOWN ABORT

i) currently SQL statements being processed by the Oracle server are immediately terminated.
ii) Oracle does not waits for users who are currently connected to the database to disconnect.
iii) Uncommitted transactions are not rolled back
iv) instance terminated without closing the files.
v) The database is not closed or dismounted.
vi) The next startup requires instance recovery , which occurs automatically.